The Debate On Nature Versus Nurture Essay - 969 Words

Noted psychologist Jerome Kagan once said â€Å"Genes and family may determine the foundation on the house, but time and place determine its form† (Fraser). The debate on nature versus Nurture has been a mystery for years now, constantly begging the question on what has a greater effect on the human development of humans. Is human behavior, ideas, and feelings innate or are they learned over time. Nature, or genetic influences, are formed before birth and shaped through early experiences. Genes are viewed as long and complicated chains that are present thought life and develop over time. Nature supporters believe that genes form a child’s conscience and determine one’s approach to life. Nurture is constituted of the influence of millions of complex environmental factors that form a child’s character. Advocators of Nurture do not believe that character is predetermined by genes, but formed over time. Since the 1600’s studies have been conducted to fi nd the answer to what has a greater effect on human development. The studies have shown substantial evidence that human development is greatly affected by both the concept of Nature and Nurture. Although they are interpreted two separated concepts, they both are needed for humans to successfully psychologically develop as they both work contribute about the same amount in human development. There are a numerous amounts of approaches to human development in Psychology, and many of those approaches have a view that correlates more on theShow MoreRelatedAn Debate On Nature Versus Nurture1082 Words   |  5 PagesConstructing Identity There has been an ongoing debate on nature versus nurture that has been around for years. What determines our identity? Our biological nature or the things we grew up around? The answers to these questions still remain uncertain, but are still widely discussed. Deborah Blum shares her opinions on these issues in â€Å"Gender Blur†. In her writing, she challenges where we separate biology from society. While our biological nature determines our gender, our surroundings and the thingsRead MoreThe Nature Versus Nurture Debate Essay1911 Words   |  8 Pagesbut our genes are not talked about as much when behavior is the topic. This is how the nature versus nurture debate came about. Scientists who believe in the nature theory believe that people behave the way they do due to heredity and genes. On the other hand, nurture scientists believes behavior is taught and influenced by the environment and the surrounding people. Many say that behavior results from nature, while others be lieve in the opposite, the environment. Human development has been viewedRead MoreThe Nurture Versus Nature Debate1743 Words   |  7 PagesThe nurture versus nature debate is commonly seen as one of the most important issues in psychology. It is assuredly one of the best researched, with various studies dating back to the beginning of the 20th century. Two schools of individual difference theorists clearly differ in their approach to this question. The first school of thought, implanted in social psychology and sociology, claims that the environment is of principal importance in determining how individuals behave. For these theoristsRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : The Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture895 Words   |  4 PagesNature vs. Nurture The debate of nature versus nurture has been an ongoing debate for a long time. When applying this argument to education there is no proven winner. The nature side of the coin believes that a person is born the way that they are. This could include intelligence level or personality traits such as being outgoing or shy. The other side of the argument of nurture believes that the type of upbringing that someone has will play a large role in the way they develop. It is thoughtRead MoreEssay on Nature Versus Nurture Debate987 Words   |  4 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate is one of the oldest and most controversial issues in Psychology. The nature versus nurture debate revolves around the contributions of genetic factors and environmental factors to human development. The primary method of attempting to determine which of these effects human development the most has been cross-cultural studies. Cross-cultural studies are studies conducted across more than one culture, based on the assumption that the differences between cultures geneticallyRead MoreThe Nature Versus Nurture Controversial Debate1492 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The nature-versus-nurture controversial debate has always been central to the theme of development. Naturally, several predominant theories come to the fore and place different weights on nature and nurture. My concept of interest is active adaptation theory, which falls on the relatively endogenous side of the scale of source of developmental change. From the active adaptation perspective, individuals play an active role in their development; they possess the power to influence theirRead MoreNature versus Nurture Debate Essays776 Words   |  4 PagesFactually Naturally People have been arguing about nature versus nurture for centuries. Does genetics or upraising have more effect on a person? Human development is influenced by various things. But nature, genetics, contributes more to development than the environment does. While nurture has some influence, nature has much more. Genes are responsible for altruism, personality is linked to individual genes, and genetic disorders are effects of nature that can cause drastic differences in qualityRead MoreNature Versus Nurture Has Been A Big Debate In The Past1433 Words   |  6 Pages Nature versus nurture has been a big debate in the past few years. Debates and arguments from both sides has its own statements which makes their side stronger. Some argue that it is in the genetics if a person is intelligent where some state the opposite, that surroundings make a person intelligent which improves them in a person mentally and physically. In the 1950s psychologist Harry Harlow studied the effects of maternal deprivation on the development of baby monkeys. Some philosophers suchRead MoreThe Formula for Fruition: The Age Old Debate of Nature Versus Nurture by Kendra Cherry1508 Words   |  7 PagesThe Formula for Fruition: Nature vs. Nurture The Story of My Search Have you ever wondered what makes a person successful? Why is it that people who grow up in the same environment grow up to have such different qualities of life? As a child of two parents who would be considered â€Å"successful† by society, I’ve always wondered how differently I would perform in life had I been the child of different people or raised in a different environment. I’d heard plenty of stories about people coming from badRead MoreThe Psychological Debate Of Nature Versus Nurture- Is Behavior Influenced By Innate Drives That We Are Born With1660 Words   |  7 Pagespsychologists have heavily debated whether personality does determine behaviour and to what degree. This essay centres around the fundamental psychological debate of nature versus nurture- is behaviour influenced by innate drives that we are born with (traits) or the environment around us (situations)? In order to get a true understanding of this debate it is important to explicitly establish what the key terms in this question mean: Pervin (1994) -Personality is the complex organisation of cognitions

Summary Of Evidence By Kathryn Schulz - 1473 Words

Kathryn Schulz argues in â€Å"Evidence†, a chapter of her book called Being Wrong, that we need to â€Å"learn to actively combat our inductive biases: to deliberately seek out evidence that challenges our beliefs, and to take seriously such evidence when we come across it† (Schulz, 377†). By attending to counterevidence we can avoid making errors in our conclusions. Whether we are aware of it or not, we depend on our past experiences to form our beliefs and ideas. Prior knowledge from personal experiences also explain why we come to the conclusions that we do in everyday life. Whether we like it or not, we are all guilty of believing things based on evidence we have formerly come across. There is a short little quiz in â€Å"Evidence† that proves to both you and Schulz that this is true. One of the seemingly simple questions included a photo of a shaded black rectangle with a white strip running behind it. The question was: â€Å"What is behind the shaded rectangle?† (Schulz, 365). Our automatic human assumption would be that the strip of white continued behind the rectangle. What we don’t think about is the fact that we truly don’t know what is actually behind that shaded rectangle, we use our former knowledge that something peaking through the top and the bottom must continue through the middle. The reality is, we h ave no logical indication what is really behind that black rectangle, but what is probable is what our mechanized answer is. Inductive reasoning is described as makingShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesNetworked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure

Essay on Indigenous And Aboriginal Health †Myassignmenthelp.com

Introduction The norms of culture have been misunderstood for emotional abuse within the indigenous population. This time it had been the Yorganop group, the agency of foster care. It has been seen that the youngsters of indigenous population are at times seized from their parents due to creation of misunderstanding which can result in contributing to the over-represented facts about indigenous children within the state care (Orr 2014). As per the article, Aboriginal children taken into care due to misunderstanding, most of the times it is not due to these children being abused emotionally, but it is also the result of several years of racial bullying and discrimination they have been dealing with. Are You Getting Buried Under the Overwhelming Academic Pressure? Get the Much-Needed Essay Help from our Professionals and Secure High Grades In consideration with this issue, this essay will be discussing the social determinants of health that can be related with the health issues of aboriginal population in the current era. Social Determinants of Health related to Health of Aboriginal Population Bringing improvement in the health condition of indigenous and aboriginal population has been considered as a long standing issue for the government of Australia. The different in the health condition amongst aboriginal and non-aboriginal population of Australia has remained unacceptable across the nation since a long duration of time (Gudykunst 2013). It has been considered as a concern of human rights by the committees of United Nations and has been acknowledged in this way by the government of Australia. The theory of social determinants help in recognizing that health of population and determination of inequality is done by a number of interrelated social factors. In the same way, it is a normal tenet of the law related to human rights that every right is interrelated and that affecting on the freedom of a particular right will influence on the freedom of several others (Hamston Murdoch 2014). Due to this particular synergy, discourse of human rights help in providing a framework for the analysis of potential impacts on health due to the programs and policies of the government in the aboriginal population. Several relevant determinants of inequality in aboriginal and indigenous health in Australia involve the absence or scarcity of equal accessibility towards lower level of health infrastructure and primary care of health within the aboriginal and indigenous communities in comparison with other non-aboriginal population of Australia (Hemming 2010). While the fundamentals are based and focused on the improvement of outcomes of indigenous health, these issues will be discussed within the essay. Trends in the Health of Indigenous population of Australia The health conditions of the indigenous and aboriginal population of Australia are poor if compared with the other non-indigenous population of Australia. There is a wide inequality distance within Australia, as shown in almost every statistics (Jackson 2012). There is a considerable gap of almost 17 years amongst the life expectancy rate of aboriginal and non-aboriginal population within Australia. For every age group under 65 years old, the death rates specified by age for the aboriginal population of Australia are almost twice in comparison with the non-indigenous population of Australia. The aboriginal and indigenous population of Australia do not have the accessibility towards an equal opportunity to be equally healthy as the non-aboriginal population of Australia (Pauwels 2011). The related disadvantage of socioeconomics has been experiences by the indigenous and aboriginal population in comparison with the non-aboriginal population results in placing them at higher risk of being exposed to environmental and behavioural health factors at risk. In consideration with this fact, the higher rates of aboriginal households that reside within such conditions do not provide support to good health. The indigenous population also are not able to enjoy equal accessibility towards primary care of health and infrastructure of health. These include effective sewage systems, healthy household, safe drinking water and bad collection services. The progress rate has been identified to be very low in the reduction of inequality difference amongst the aboriginal and indigenous population of Australia since the past few decades (Pauwels 2010). For an instance, it is involved with the long term measurements like life expectancy rate. While improvements have been made in certain measures for health status of indigenous and aboriginal population of Australia, they have not coped up with the fast gains in health generated amongst the general population of Australia (Brunner 2011). In consideration with the fact, rates of death from cardiovascular infections and diseases within the general population have decreased by 30 per cent since the year 1991, and 70 percent in rates of death from these diseases since certain duration of time. The structure of young age group within the aboriginal and indigenous population states that the scopes of the problems that the population is currently facing have chances of increasing within future decades (Pride 2010). The rise in the fixed and absolute terms of the size of indigenous and aboriginal population of youth will be requiring significant rise in programs and services basically for matching speed with demand and maintaining the improved status. Yet, this will be done in isolation for the achievement of a reduced level of current inequality in health. The experience of indigenous and aboriginal population regarding inequality within the status of health is related to the systematic and basic problem of discrimination. In the previous decades, indigenous and aboriginal population of Australia have not received or enjoyed the chance of being as healthy and fit as the non-indigenous population of Australia. This takes place by the problem of not being able to access the mainstream services and having lower accessibility of health services (Reynolds 2014). These include the inappropriate provision related to health infrastructure and primary care of health within certain indigenous and aboriginal population of Australia. These inequalities in health have been considered as being both, systematic and avoidable. This legacy has been addressed completely and is a significant challenge for indigenous and aboriginal population in fully enjoying their rights towards health. Relationship between Socio-Economic Status and Health Status On every major indicator, the indigenous population of Australia is known for experiencing several socio-economic disadvantages. According to the National Census conducted in the year 2001, the average gross income of households for the aboriginal and indigenous population in Australia has been identified as $ 364 per week, which is 62 per cent of the non-aboriginal population that is $ 585 per week (Shaw et al. 2011). As per the same census, the rate of unemployment amongst indigenous population had been 20 per cent, which is three times more than the rate obtained for the non-aboriginal population of Australia. Associations have been demonstrated by a number of researches amongst the economic and social status of individuals and their health condition. Clearly, poverty is related to poor level of health (Trask 2010). Poor level of literacy and education are highly related to the poor status of health, and influence the capacity of individuals for using the information of health. Poor level of income results in the reduction of access towards medicines and services of health care (Cornell 2012). Run-down housing and overcrowded areas are highly related to poverty and result in contributing towards communicable diseases being spread across. These researches have also described that poorer individuals also face problem of less financial support along with the lack of several other form to control appropriate level of well being. This has resulted in the contribution of a huge burden on the unhealthy stress in which long exposure to the demands of psychology where chances of controlling the event are perceived of being restricted and the possibilities of obtaining any reward are less (Wajnryb 2012). Chronic stress can have a huge influence on the immune system, metabolic functions and circulatory system by a number of hormonal paths and is related to a number of health issues due to circulatory diseases, domestic violence, mental health issues and several other forms of dysfunction with the community. While the commentators of indigenous population have been highlighting the health benefits related to society and culture regarding accessibility to land and property, many possible impacts of positive health have chances to include improved exercise and diet. It will also be contributing for reconnecting the aboriginal and indigenous population of Australia with their traditional bases of economy (Wilkinson 2010). In consideration with this fact, it can be concluded that providing support to the tradition culture that includes governance structure and customary law, will help in improving the status of health of individuals residing within the remote areas. Conclusion Bringing improvement in the health condition of indigenous and aboriginal population has been considered as a long standing issue for the government of Australia. The different in the health condition amongst aboriginal and non-aboriginal population of Australia has remained unacceptable across the nation since a long duration of time. The experience of indigenous and aboriginal population regarding inequality within the status of health is related to the systematic and basic problem of discrimination. In the previous decades, indigenous and aboriginal population of Australia have not received or enjoyed the chance of being as healthy and fit as the non-indigenous population of Australia. Associations have been demonstrated by a number of researches amongst the economic and social status of individuals and their health condition. Clearly, poverty is related to poor level of health. Poor level of literacy and education are highly related to the poor status of health, and influence the capacity of individuals for using the information of health. References Brunner, E., 2011. Social Organization, stress and health. in Editors, Marmot, M. and Wilkinson, R.,Social Determinants of Healthop.cit, p 17. Cornell, S., 2012. The importance and power of Indigenous self-governance: Evidence from the United States. Speech, Indigenous Governance Conference. Gudykunst, B. 2013.Cross-cultural and Intercultural Communication.Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California. Hamston, J. Murdoch, K. 2014.Australia Kaleidoscope. Curriculum Corporation. Hemming, P., 2010.Cultural Awareness: Cross-cultural communications,Regency College of TAFE, HOTEL School, Regency Park, SA. Jackson, J., 2012. Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings from Community Studies. 93(2)American Journal of Public Health200, p200. Orr, A. 2014. Aboriginal children taken into care due to 'misunderstandings. WA Today. Pauwels, A., 2011.Cross-cultural Communication in Medical Encounters,Monash University, Community Languages in the Professions Unit, Language and Society Centre, National Languages Institute of Australia, Melbourne. Pauwels, A., 2010.Cross-cultural Communication in the Health Sciences: Communicating with migrant patients. Macmillan, South Melbourne. Pride, J., 2010.Cross-cultural Encounters: Communication and mis-communication, River Seine Publications, Melbourne. Reynolds, S., 2014Guide to Cross-cultural Communication. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ Shaw, M., Dorling, D. Davey, G., 2011. Poverty, social exclusion, and minorities. In Editors, Marmot, M. and Wilkinson, R..,Social Determinants of Health, op.cit.,pp32-37. Trask, M., 2010.Comments on behalf of the Global Indigenous Peoples Caucus at the launch of the 2nd International Decade of the Worlds Indigenous People, United Nations General Assembly. Wajnryb, R., 2012.Other Voices: A cross-cultural communication workbook,Thomas Nelson, South Melbourne. Wilkinson, R., 2010. Prosperity, redistribution, health and welfare. In Editors, Marmot, M. and Wilkinson, R.,Social Determinants of Health,op.cit., pp260-265.

NT2580 Unit 5 Testing and Monitoring Security Controls free essay sample

A few different types of security events and baseline anomalies that might indicate suspicious activity Different traffic patterns or influx in bandwidth usage can be considered suspicous activity. Or sevices changing port usage, in turn creating variaitons in normal patterns. A sudden increase in overall traffic. This may just mean that your web site has been mentioned on a popular news site, or it may mean that someone is up to no good. A sudden jump in the number of bad or malformed packets. Some routers collect packet-level statistics; you can also use a software network scanner to track them. Large numbers of packets caught by your router or firewalls egress filters. Recall that egress filters prevent spoofed packets from leaving your network, so if your filter is catching them you need to identify their source, because thats a clear sign that machines on your network has been compromised. We will write a custom essay sample on NT2580 Unit 5 Testing and Monitoring Security Controls or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Unscheduled reboots of server machines may sometimes indicate their compromise. You should be already be watching the event logs of your servers for failed logons and other security-related events. Log Files contain complete records of all security events (logon events, resource access, attempted violations of policy, changes in system configuration or policies) and critical system events (service/daemon start/stop, errors generated, system warnings) that can allow a admin to quickly discover the root cause of any issues. Predictable passwords could be an issue too. User passwords are probably one of the most vulnerable ways to have a security breach. It is mostly due to weak passwords. Weak passwords being a minimum or 8 characters and not requiring a number and/or a special character. Ensure you emplement â€Å"strickt† password complexity standards. Limit unauthorized use of network resources by allowing access during businiess hours only. Do not allow remote access permitions to anyone, except those that manipulate the data for a living. Identification of malicious applications is of considerable importance to organizations in all sectors, but particularly for those organizations that operate in the financial sector or are constrained by regulations. If the malicious software component is a rootkit or similar program that takes complete control of a computer and then masks the fact that an attacker now controls the computer. It is difficult to be sure that your computers do not have such malicious applications running, because the rootkit might be better at concealment than you are at detecting them. Limit access to important systems (hardware) physical BUS ports. (USB, FIREWIRE, Serial, etc) As network security professionals you cant protect for something that never â€Å"technically† hits the network. If someone has malware installed to a thumb drive comes into your building and has access to a physical USB port then security has been breached. Solution Requirements The solution requirements to identify attackers overlap with those required to identify internal threats. These requirements include: ââ€"  A defense-in-depth approach to security implementation. ââ€"  Effective security audit logs. ââ€"  Reliable centralized collection of security logs. ââ€"  Automated analysis of the security logs to identify attack signatures. The solution requirements to detect malicious applications share some of the requirements to identify internal threats. These solution requirements include: ââ€"  Effective procedures to audit any unauthorized software on the network. ââ€"  Properly configured security audit logs. ââ€"  Reliable centralized collection and filters of security logs. ââ€"  Automated analysis of the security logs to identify suspicious behavior, with use of third-party programs where necessary.

Investing in TUFS

The success of a project is highly dependent on the project implementation process. Proper project implementation should discover red flags in the project and formulate methods of overcoming the problems, before the IT project goes live (Crum, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Investing in TUFS specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Incorporating the ultimate users of the project in the design and implementation of an IT project is one of the key factors that determine the success of the project. Failure to follow the right procedure in project initiation and implementation would make an IT project face many problems. This is the major issue that faces the Technical Underwriting Financial System (TUFS) of Northern Insurance. Northern Insurance implemented Technical Underwriting Financial System (TUFS) to increase the efficiency of the underwriting process. However, the software was unable to solve the problem . Northern Insurance spends vast sums of money fixing errors in TUFS. This necessitates the company to determine the source of the problem to prevent continued spending on an inefficient system. One of the major factors that led to TUFS’ current problem is failure to incorporate employees who would use the system in the design and implementation of the system. Failure to incorporate relevant employees increased employee resistance to the system. Therefore, it is vital for the company to incorporate the ultimate users of the software in the design and implementation of TUFS. In addition, the company should ensure that it trains employees on how to use the system (Kerzner, 2003). Testing is one the critical phases of an IT project implementation. A company should ensure that there is ample time for testing the IT project. Testing helps in detecting red flags in the system. Northern Insurance did not undertake sufficient tests on TUFS prior to its implementation. This led to the discovery of various problems when the company had already implemented the system. Undertaking alterations to a system when it is up and running is usually more expensive than doing the alterations during the testing phase (Martin, 2011).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Northern Insurance needs to undertake an overhaul of TUFS to realize its real benefits. Doing minor changes to the system would not solve all the problems. It is evident that most of the problems arose during the project initiation phase. The project implementation team did not seek the views of the users of the system. In addition, the project implementation team implemented the project in a hurry to beat the deadline. This led to the abandonment of various critical aspects of the system. In making the necessary changes to the system, the IT department should incorporate the views of employees of the u nderwriting department. Employees of the underwriting department should form an integral part of the project implementation team. In addition, the company should train employees of the department on how to make maximum use of TUFS. Proper implementation of TUFS would make the company reap maximum benefits from the system. The company should measure its benefits by determining the man-hours that it would save due to use of the system (Waller, 2005). TUFS would enable underwriting managers receive underwriting reports with a click of the mouse. For Northern Insurance to reap the full benefits of TUFS, employees in the underwriting department should embrace the system. They should use the system in their daily operations (Ewusi-Mensah, 2003). Therefore, it is vital for the company to determine the level of employee acceptance of the system. References Crum, J. (2002). Using Oracle 11i. Indianapolis, IN: Que Publishing. Ewusi-Mensah, K. (2003). Software development failures: Anatomy of abandoned projects. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Kerzner, H. (2003). Advanced project management: Best practices on implementation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Investing in TUFS specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Martin, J.W. 2011. Unexpected consequences: Why the things we trust fail. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. Waller, A. (2005). IT for property people. London: Taylor Francis. This case study on Investing in TUFS was written and submitted by user Ian U. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Northern Snakehead essays

The Northern Snakehead essays The Northern snakehead....a modern day fox in the henhouse. The introduction of the snakehead species into the U.S. could become far more serious a problem than most people would like to believe. These fish well kill and eat anything that moves basically....and a lot of it. Entire marine ecosystems are at risk if these extreme predators are allowed to run rampant. All together there are 28 species of known snakeheads; three are indigenous to Africa, the other 25 to Asia. All are air breathers and can live on land for at least three days. All 28 are voracious predators and truly viscous. Some types even kill more than they can eat. One species, the bullseye snakehead, has not only established itself into southern Florida waterways but is thriving! However, there has been little evidence of the impact on local wildlife. Fortunately this species is restricted to water temperatures of 40 degrees and higher, so cannot survive the winters of Northern Florida. We have not seen, and we dont anticipate, that the presence of the snakehead in Florida will have a catastrophic impact, said Shafland. But its like throwing trash out of a car window; it cant be good. Unfortunately, the northern snakehead is nothing like its cousin in Florida. Basically the bullseye is the Chihuahua of the family and its northern cousin is the Pit Bull. Around ninety percent of the northern snakeheads diet consists of other types of fish and they grow at an amazing rate; fingerling to twenty four inches in under a year! They can survive anywhere from freezing to 85 or so degrees Fahrenheit, and they can survive under the ice all winter long. They can grow to over four feet long and have rows of sharp teeth. In short, a well designed, efficient predator. In its native country of Burma, it is known as freshwater shark. With the discovery of one of these real life monsters in Maryland, th...

Legal Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal Ethics - Essay Example A Morgan poll conducted in Australia showed that the public has a poor opinion of lawyers1 which has been deteriorating over the years, findings which replicated those of the American Harris Poll conducted in 1997, showing a deterioration in the perception of lawyer prestige from 36% in 1977 to 18% in 1997.2 The movies portray lawyers in an adversarial, litigating role at trial courts, especially in the case of women lawyers.3 This highlights the aggressive and confrontational role of lawyers and enhances this image in the public mind. Graham and Maschio have pointed out how the conventions of movies interact with the conventions of law4. Through a particular depiction of various categories of lawyers in films, such as female or gay lawyers, the general image of such lawyers may be distorted among members of the public. Rapoport has pointed out how the public images of lawyers as revealed on the silver screen could also affect the manner in which lawyers view ethical dilemmas and make ethical choices, with law students being particularly susceptible to such images.5 The notion of professional and ethical responsibility of lawyers is being increasingly undermined by the screen images and Ross and MacFarlane have highlighted evidence which suggests that students â€Å"do not take the courses in professional responsibility seriously.†6 In general, students take up courses in law for the purpose of better earnings, rather than being motivated by the desire to practice law in an ethical manner7. Moreover, films tend to portray lawyers as bad characters who conduct themselves in an unprofessional manner, which undermines the confidence of the public and also affects the perceptions of new emerging lawyers. Asimov provides several examples of such negative portrayals of lawyers in films– for example, the character of arrogant and rude lawyer Martin Vale in the film â€Å"Primal fear†, or the drug abusing character of

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 128

Discussion - Essay Example She describes it as the management for uncertainties. She denotes that Agile embraces change by determining the requirements of a project and implementing them throughout the project thereby making it easy to accommodate any changes. The other difference, according to Erin, is that the Agile approach promotes the implementation of user stories in which common risks are mitigated and return on investment realized. According to Erin, the Agile approach drives the scope while the Iron Triangle of Waterfall fixes it. In this case, the Iron Triangle determines the scope of a project before estimating the effort needed to make the project a reality. Finally, the time required and budget needed for the implementation of the project are derived from these estimates (Erin). An Agile project, on the contrary, begins with a high-level build-up of features and allows for the selection of specific user stories needed for implementation throughout the project. In this case, the project scope is defined in the entire project hence the feeling that it changes in the entire process. After a clear analysis of Erin’s lecture, it is important to note that the Agile approach can be used in the personal projects. When used, cases of project inflexibility and uncertainties can be

History questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History questions - Essay Example The concept of city-states began with them and they were known to practice some religious beliefs because of the ziggurats or the terraced temples. 2. AKKADIANS: The Akkadians who were natives of central Mesopotamia, had their own Akkadian writing using the cuneiform. Authors like Ziomkowski and Spielvogel claimed that they invented the stamps and instituted regular postal services and cadastral survey (3;6). Noble (18) said they gave us the first great warlord known to mankind and this was Sargon. 3. BABYLONIANS OR AMORITES: These inhabited lower Mesopotamia or near the Tigris-Euphrates delta. But with the conquest of the Akkadians and the Sumerians, King Hammurabi was able to carve a kingdom that unified almost the whole of Mesopotamia. Hammurabi then established the Code of Hammurabi, which was a list of judgments stressing fairness and justice among citizens. They then devised a calendar, consisting of 12 lunar months, with 30 days for each month and with 24 hours for each day. They also had a system 4. ASSYRIANS: These were warlike people in upper Mesopotamia who first utilized iron weapons and made use of chariots and cavalry. They invented battering rams and mobile towers to ensure victory in wars as well as what Noble(66) calls sapper work or excavation methods to undermine city walls of enemies. 5. 5. NEO-BABYLONIANS OR CHALDEANS: Led by King Nebuchadnezzar, these accomplished people who made a mark in astronomy, agriculture and the construction of buildings such as The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, will always be remembered for the destruction of Jerusalem and the captivity of the Jews (Noble et al 44). 6. LYDIANS: These inhabited the now northwestern Turkey and they were noted for their wealth and the beauty of its capital Sardis. Under King Croesus, they invented coinage and its minting using gold, silver and electrum. They were also the first to put up retail shops. 7. PERSIANS: These were people, who together with the Medes, occupied present day Iran. They will always be remembered because of their great warrior kings Cyrus the Great, Darius the Great and Xerxes who built one of the largest empire in the world. They also brought Zoroastrianism and a system of governance that divided the empire into 20 provinces, each ruled by a satrap and a system of road building as well as improvement of trade and a barter economy. 8. EGYPTIANS: These people were superb engineers, architects and builders. Denizens of the Nile River delta and oases, they constructed 35 pyramids, temples, obelisks and palaces. They established the art of mummification and the belief of immortality after death. They invented hieroglyphic writing on papyrus and the use of Rosetta stone to encrypt these writings. They devised irrigation and agricultural techniques and an efficient administration techniques under a vizier as well as the concept of Ma'at (Noble 25) or justice and the empowerment of

Intention of Life Interest

Intention of Life Interest 1. (a) The life interest of Parwinder which on the surface appears to be a vested, immediate and limited interest is coupled with a remainder interest for their daughters. In this instance, there is a problem with certainty of intention. Although technical words are not necessary,[1] problems arise when precatory words such as ‘in full confidence’ and ‘will respect’ are used in this provision. The wording of this provision is very similar to the wording of another provision featuring in Comiskey[2] which stated â€Å"in full confidence that †¦ at her death she will devise it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  between nieces as â€Å"she might see fit.† Therefore, following this judgment it is likely that the courts would construe from her words an intention to leave her estate to her husband with a gift over of the remaining property to be shared between her daughters according to his will and otherwise equally. However, if the court decides that intention cannot be derived from this provision, Parwinder will take the property beneficially and there is a resulting trust.[3] In this instance Parwinder will be appointed trustee of the estate thus, he can be compelled to carry out the trust. Should Parwinder become unable to allocate shares to his daughters the court will operate as trustee and distribute the estate if all certainties are found to be valid. If Parwinder is held to be a trustee, he must carry out the distribution of the estate as a trust is obligatory. Therefore, he must make a provision in his will allocating the distribution of the estate or else he must create an express trust making sure he includes valid certainties and follows the beneficiary principle inter vivos. This provision may also constitute a trust in conjunction with a power of appointment. According to Hanbury Martin, when a husband gives his estate to his â€Å"widow for her life, and after her death to their children† but allows the wife to decide the shares for each child it is a valid power to â€Å"appoint using her absolute discretion with a gift in default of equal shares â€Å"[4] Therefore, a special power exists whereby Parwinder must distribute the estate to a specified group of appointees[5] however, he is under no obligation to carry out his duty or even consider it as an obligation.[6] (b) Firstly, this provision may fail for lack of certainty of subject matter in that the size of each beneficial interest is not expressly declared.[7] However, the court may determine that the settlor has provided an effective method of determining the size of the gift therefore; the court will apply its assumption in order to prevent the gift from failing.[8] Should the courts be unable to determine any certainty of size of the beneficial interest the provision will become a resulting trust for the settlor’s estate. Assuming the share size may be determined by some means, it would appear that  £200,000 has been made over into a trust held by the trustees of the estate. However, the obligation to distribute the money to the first 100 applicants must be clarified as a discretionary trust or a power of appointment. According to Hanbury Martin it appears that the trustees who hold a trust for the benefit of â€Å"such members of a class of beneficiaries as the trustees shall in their absolute discretion select†[9], are in fact the trustees of a discretionary trust. The first requirement would then be to ascertain if there is certainty of objects using the test encouraged by the House of Lords, the Given Postulant Test.[10] The test requires the trustees to ask â€Å"Can it be said with certainty that any given individual is or is not a member of the class?†[11] Using this test it is valid to say that any postulant who has written in response to the advertisement in the Oxford Gazette and who have made a moral claim for a share will have to be considered a member of the class of beneficiaries. A slight problem arises if in response to the advertisement the following day 100+ letters are received making it impossible for the trustees to determine who the first 100 beneficiaries are as is clearly requested in the provision. This would result in administrative unworkability and the trust would become void and revert back to the settlor’s estate. (c) The wording of the provision would be construed to impose a fiduciary duty on the trustees and thus, produce an express trust. This is due to all certainties being very explicit and straightforward. Although Charles is in a coma and unlikely to recover, the trustees are still bound under the terms of the trust to distribute property to Charles according to the declaration of trust. Overall, the trustees are under a general duty to act even-handedly and â€Å"maintain equality between the beneficiaries†[12] especially in the context of successive interests. The trustees still maintain the legal title of the cars and Charles and the Oxford Motor Museum enjoy merely an equitable and beneficial interest. Therefore, it is possible for the Trustees to maintain the legal title to the cars and give the entire collection of cars to the Museum on trust as they will not automatically acquire the legal title to the cars. Should Charles die his equitable interest in one of the cars will succeed him and become part of his estate, however, if he were to recover he would still have an equitable interest in one of the cars which he could then take advantage of. Once he or a beneficiary of his estate has chosen a car the legal title of the car will be transferred to them through the appropriate procedure and the trustee’s duty to Charles will be fulfilled and the trust will end. The trustees will then hold the remaining cars on trust for the Museum. The final option available to the trustees is to make an application to the Court for Directions. As Charles is still living, he has an earnest claim on one of the vintage cars; therefore, if the trustees apply to the Court for direction and follow any subsequent directions of the court they will be protected.[13] This process has come into effect to allow difficulties in administration of the trust to be heard by the Court and alleviate the â€Å"risk of making decisions upon a false premise.†[14] 2. One of the main problems in the current law surrounding interests in the family home is in regards to the sometimes archaic nature of the law in respect to the more level field that man and woman now work and support themselves through their careers. Pettitt vPettitt[15] made clear that a women housework, childcare and contributions towards expenses do not equate to contribution towards the purchase price therefore, unless the wife demands the house to be conveyed to the spouses jointly, she may find she has no interest in the house upon dissolution of her marriage, however, the right to invoke discretionary powers of the court to distribute the property is still an option she has upon divorce. The main problem with the current law today is the lack of statutory power a court has when dealing with cohabiting couples who share a family home. Couples may often live together for years and have children and mutually contribute to the house via renovation, expenses and upkeep, however, often times the house is registered to one of the individuals only. However, a non-legal co-owner may have an equitable interest resulting in a constructive trust even where a direct financial contribution has not been made.[16] A constructive trust is another solution to this problem whereby the courts will consider contributions made to the mortgage payment by each party, refurbishment the house as this contributed to the maintenance and essential upkeep. This remedy comes into effect if one party has â€Å"acted to his detriment† in reliance on the assurance that he held a beneficial interest.[17] Lastly, and in most cases preferable is the remedy of proprietary estoppel or when the Courts â€Å"protect the expectations of the non-owner and may award the non-owner as much as a full ownership interest in the land if justice demands†[18]. The essential elements of proprietary estoppel exist where the legal owner of the property has encouraged a third party to believe that he has or will in the future obtain rights in respect of the property and the third party has acted in reliance of this assurance to his detriment.[19] This is the most just remedy available as it will consider mere oral declarations such as â€Å"the house is as much yours as mine† or â€Å"we share everything 50-50† as an assurance and the non-legal owner is likely to be granted an equitable interest in the property upon dissolution of the family home based on the amount of contribution made over the years of communal living. BIBLIOGRAPHY PEARCE, R AND STEVENS, J. (2002) The Law of Trusts and Equitable Obligations 3rd Edition London: LexisNexis Butterworth’s Tolley. PENNER, J.E. (2001) Mozley and Whitley’s Law Dictionary 12th Edition London: Butterworths. MARTIN, J.E. (2001) Hanbury Martin Modern Equity 16th Edition London: Sweet Maxwell Ltd. Footnotes [1] Paul v Constance [1977] 1 W.L.R. 527 [2] Comiskey v Bowring-Hanbury [1905] A.C. 84 [3] Watson v. Holland [1985] 1 All E.R. 290. [4] Martin (2001) page 173. [5] Re Gestetner [1953] Ch. 672. [6] Martin (2001) page 174 [7] Boyce v Boyce (1849) 16 Sim 476. [8] Re Golay [1965] 1 W.L.R. 969 [9] Martin (2001) page 175. [10] Re Gulbenkien’s Settlements [1970] AC 508 [11] Ibid per Lord Wilberforce [1971] AC 424 at pages 454-6. [12] Martin (2001) page 553. [13] Re Londonderry’s Settlement [1965] Ch. 918. [14] Martin (2001) page 550. [15] [1970] AC 777. [16] Lloyds Bank v Rossett [1991] 1 AC 107. [17] Ibid at page 536. [18] Penner (2001), page 281. [19] Gillies v Keogh [1989] 2 NZLR 327 at page 346 per Richardson J.

Tim OBriens The Things They Carried Essay -- OBrient Things They Ca

Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried Culture teaches that men must dispense of ridiculous emotions and remain firm, following expected duties. O’Brien develops this theme of the transition from youth to manhood in his short story, â€Å"The Things They Carried.† Through the protagonist Jimmy Cross, metaphors of weight, and futile ideas of freedom, O’Brien reveals how society expects young men in transition to adulthood to let go of impractical idealism and dwell instead on the cruel reality of the world. Initially, O’Brien highlights Cross’s thoughts of love and emotional feelings as he describes the experience of war. Cross constantly thinks about Martha and how much he loves her, and though he senses her uninvolvement, he remains in denial about the fact that Martha feels nothing for him. However, he grasps on to her as his only hope. She represents his connections to a normal life, the world where he can be an average twenty-two year old, not plagued by death and devastation. O’Brien exposes Crosses desires to be pure and unscathed in his hopes that Martha is a virgin. Cross wishes to be untouched by war, destruction, bombs, fear, and the devastation of war, just like Martha. O’Brien illustrates how overcome with emotion Cross is as he daydreams about her â€Å"dense, crushing love.† In addition to love, O’Brien describes the tremendous mental burdens the men carry, but are not allowed to express. O’Brien utilizes the metapho r of weight to emphasize the burdens on the boys. The narrator speaks of everything in weight as in the â€Å"jungle boots—2.1 pounds†, â€Å"steel helmets that weighed five pounds,† and â€Å"the letters weighed ten ounces.† This technique further stresses the mental envelopment of these boys in war because they a... ...aims â€Å"there’s definitely a moral here† and continues to bring up the subject throughout the story. O’Brien highlights through Mitchell that the soldiers are only boys and far too young to be exposed to such violence. With the â€Å"dispens[ing] of love† and idealism, the reality of war settles into Cross’s mind, forever changing his view the world. In his short story, â€Å"The Things They Carried,† Tim O’Brien demonstrates the depressing change of a soldier from imaginative boy to impersonal man, adolescent to adult, and lover to leader. The terrible burdens pile so high on the young men that â€Å"certainly they would never be at a loss for things to carry.† The harsh reality of the world tremendously affects Cross and forever changes him. Through this transition, O’Brien reveals the strict and dismal standards which culture upholds for men to be firm and unwavering.

The Raven Essay

The Romantic Story, the Raven Surprising enough, the famous story by Edgar Allan Poe, the Raven, is a Romantic poem. Poe was a poet during the Romantic period, making him a romantic writer/poet. Actually he was a dark romantic poet, which makes a little more sense. The Raven typifies Romanticism in many ways, especially when it comes to their connection with God. Also Poe reveals many emotions throughout this poem. Romantics loved and cherished the natural world. They would rather be in the woods than in the city, and they also escaped to nature to find a more emotional and intellectual awakening.When it comes to God and spiritual beliefs, they place faith in inner experience and the power of imagination, everything including humans is a reflection of the divine soul, physical facts of the natural world are a doorway to the spiritual world, intuition allows people to behold God’s spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls. Dark Romantics explored the conflict between good and evil, the effects of guilt and sin, and the destructive underside of appearances. They also explored the madness in the human psyche as well as the humor of evil. The Raven mainly demonstrates connections to God.The Romantics believe that their imagination is of great importance in your life and in the Raven the narrators imagination got the best of him and he put faith in his imagination in thinking that his dead wife came back to life. The narrator hears something very quietly tapping on his door. He finally decides to go and answer the door, â€Å"Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood there wondering, fearing,/Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortal ever dared to dream before;/But the silence was unbroken, and the darkness gave no token,/And the only word there spoken was the whispered word, `Lenore! /This I whispered, and an echo murmured back the word, `Lenore! ‘/Merely this and nothing more† (Poe). In his imagination he saw Lenore, his wife who died and h e believed it which shows the importance of the imagination. Romantics also believe that everything is a reflection of the divine soul and in the Raven the raven is a demon or a reflection of the devil. The narrator says â€Å"And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming,† which shows that he believes the raven is a demon and that the raven will take his soul to hell when he dies (Poe). The main emotions that Poe stressed are morning, grief and sadness.The narrator is morning the loss of his wife Lenore and he is depressed about it. The narrator was reading late at night to suppress the â€Å"sorrow for the lost Lenore† and he was sad and then he thought he saw her come back to life and come to the door (Poe). Poe also shows a few different emotions about how the narrator feels about the raven. He at first is cautious and even scared of the raven, especially since it could talk. He then became amused by the raven and develops a respect for the bird b ecause he came in like he owned the place and started talking, well at least saying one word.Then by the end of the poem Poe does not like the bird at all and describes him as an â€Å"ungainly fowl† (Poe). The Dark Romantic Poet does a wonderful job at typifying Romanticism and expressing many emotions through his poem, the Raven. He shows how much the Romantics valued the imagination by the narrator thinking his dead wife came back to life and also how everything is a reflection of the divine soul by the narrator thinking that the raven is a demon. Poe also mainly stresses how the narrator is morning the loss of his wife and how he is depressed. The Raven is a perfect example of a typical Romantic poem.

How to Organize a Research Paper

How to Organize a Research Paper Organizing a research paper has always been a tricky business. Many students are stumbled upon this problem, and have no knowledge how to organize a research paper, with great quality and make it look structured, logical, profound, well balanced and complete. This article will try to help you organize a good research paper, spending minimum time on the organization process, and spending maximum time on the activities you really should spend your time. Just follow these steps how to organize a great research paper, and you will learn how to organize a research paper with minimum time and efforts. Structuring a research paper is the second step in writing a research paper, and takes a lot of time out of a student. If a student keeps in mind the structure he needs to create, he will not be having any difficulties with organizing a research paper in future. Structuring and organizing a research paper is the same as writing a classification essay. The main and most powerful tools are categorization, classification, step by step thinking as well as developing a logical and methodical algorithm. As soon as you will be able to develop a good algorithm in explaining your thoughts, decisions, ideas and theses statements in your research paper – youll immediately understand how to organize a research paper without any problems nor difficulties, whatsoever. The first thing you have to remember, when thinking on how to organize a research paper is to carry out the main idea of your research paper. You have to define clearly the main point of your research paper, what you want to stress in your research paper and what you might want to tone down. After you have decided of the main point – you get a bit closer to get the idea on how to organize a research paper properly and with the best quality. The most important part in organizing your research paper is to keep a clear string of your main point, main idea, and all the most important things you would prefer to accent in your research paper. Whenever you are forced to organize a research paper – you should always think of these simple tips on how to organize a research paper, and everything will come out eventually. Every research paper is an individual piece of hard work. Each research paper has its own outline, structure, and basically, its own method of organization. This article can only give your vague research paper tips on how to organize a research paper, and you have to get the more detailed stuff yourself.

Free Essays on Flatland

"Flatland" is a story of depth, and the lack there of. The tale of A. Square's ventures through Pointland, Lineland and Spaceland ultimately reveal to him the possibilities of the seemingly impossible. In this case, the "impossibilities" are the very existence of other dimensions, or worlds. His guide throughout the journey, a god - like figure who refers to itself as "Sphere", bestows upon A. Square the greatest gift he could hope for, knowledge. It is only after the Sphere forcibly takes A. Square out of his dimension, however, that he is able to shrug off his ignorance and accept the fact that what cannot be, can, and much of what he believed before is wrong. When he sees first hand that a square can have depth simply by lining up a parallel square above it and connecting the vertices with lines he is awestruck by its beauty. A cube now exists, seemingly made out of squares. Where there was but one square before now there are six connected. To A. Square's mindset, this thing of beauty is something he could become if only he could lift up. It gives him hope, for in his world you are ranked without say according to your shape. From the lowest convict shapes to the - not - quite - perfectly - round - but - practically - there priests. When A. Square asks the sphere deity what comes next, what about the fourth dimension, Sphere becomes vexe d and sends A. Square plummeting back to his original world without the necessary knowledge to be effective in spreading the gospel of the third dimension. This is, of course, what leads to the end for A. Square; being locked up in an insane asylum for speaking of what simply cannot be. Adding to the irony is that no matter how hard A. Square tries, it is quite impossible for him to demonstrate it within the two dimensional realm. The knowledge that he thirsted for was his demise. "Flatland" is a book which main purpose is to make the reader think; it raises many questions. Is the... Free Essays on Flatland Free Essays on Flatland "Flatland" is a story of depth, and the lack there of. The tale of A. Square's ventures through Pointland, Lineland and Spaceland ultimately reveal to him the possibilities of the seemingly impossible. In this case, the "impossibilities" are the very existence of other dimensions, or worlds. His guide throughout the journey, a god - like figure who refers to itself as "Sphere", bestows upon A. Square the greatest gift he could hope for, knowledge. It is only after the Sphere forcibly takes A. Square out of his dimension, however, that he is able to shrug off his ignorance and accept the fact that what cannot be, can, and much of what he believed before is wrong. When he sees first hand that a square can have depth simply by lining up a parallel square above it and connecting the vertices with lines he is awestruck by its beauty. A cube now exists, seemingly made out of squares. Where there was but one square before now there are six connected. To A. Square's mindset, this thing of beauty is something he could become if only he could lift up. It gives him hope, for in his world you are ranked without say according to your shape. From the lowest convict shapes to the - not - quite - perfectly - round - but - practically - there priests. When A. Square asks the sphere deity what comes next, what about the fourth dimension, Sphere becomes vexe d and sends A. Square plummeting back to his original world without the necessary knowledge to be effective in spreading the gospel of the third dimension. This is, of course, what leads to the end for A. Square; being locked up in an insane asylum for speaking of what simply cannot be. Adding to the irony is that no matter how hard A. Square tries, it is quite impossible for him to demonstrate it within the two dimensional realm. The knowledge that he thirsted for was his demise. "Flatland" is a book which main purpose is to make the reader think; it raises many questions. Is the...

The subject of assignment at the assignment criteria box Essay

The subject of assignment at the assignment criteria box - Essay Example Multinational companies are those companies with branches in several countries. A multinational company is a main company that produces in foreign countries through its branches or partners situated in several countries. The policies of the branches and partners are directly controlled by the parent company which sets strategies for all the activities of the company that go beyond the boundaries of the host countries. These include; product marketing, personnel, financial matters as well as production strategies. The policies may have host country orientation or parent country orientation (Feldman, 2008, pp.22-27). A multinational company may be owned by citizens of one, two countries or more. In another situation, a company may establish branches in different countries in order to reduce the cost of transporting raw materials in order to reduce the final cost of the products that is added to the consumer price. A company may also establish branches in countries that import its products in order to escape import tax that may be enforced by the importing country against foreign companies. An example of this is when external levy was enforced against outsiders by the European Community, companies from the United States engaged in Foreign Direct Investment in order to evade these tariffs (Howard Perlmutter, 1969). Fluctuating exchange rates are also a factor that leads to the establishment of multinational companies in order to avoid losses that are associated with these rates. This phenomenon arises when companies produce at a high value of the local currency and then the value falls during exportation. They opt to establish a subsidiary industry in the importing country. Competition is also a factor that gives rise to multinational companies. A company X in one country may be producing the same products as another company Y in a different country, both competing for a

Supply Chain Management in Whirlpool Research Paper

Supply Chain Management in Whirlpool - Research Paper Example Unlike its competitors like Electrolux, LG and General Electric, majority of the Whirlpool's products undergoes some form of manufacturing inside U.S. Although, Whirlpool outsource their operations, it is done minimally, with majority of its manufacturing plants located in North America. Apart from this manufacturing segment of its supply chain, Whirlpool also has a widespread distribution network to supply or reach the product to the intended customer. This distribution network consists of factory based distribution centers or warehouses, from where the finished product reaches the regional distribution centers, and then to the local distribution centers, thus finally reaching retail outlets for the client to buy. (Cookie, 2008). With such extensive operations, Whirlpool had to have an optimized Supply Chain Management (SCM) to satisfy the customers, and emerge successful. Although, in early 2000’s, Whirlpool had problems in managing its supply chain, by implementing effectiv e strategies and importantly by using Information technology (IT) tools, it has been able to strengthen its supply chain. Even after the acquisition of Maytag, Whirlpool continued to improve its supply chain by associating with strong players like Penske Logistics, who brought in more IT tools Porters’ five forces The bargaining power of the buyers has increased because now they have better information about the products, prices and their characteristics because of a lot of exposure about the company and its products through various mediums. In the case of Whirlpool also, the bargaining power of the buyers has accentuated and that is impacting its supply chain. So, to improve its supply chain, Whirlpool decided to first focus on the customer requirements, and then proceed from there, in a backward manner. With that focus, Whirlpool studied customers’ expectation and found they are â€Å"asking for accurate promises as a first requirement: "Give a date, hit a date."â⠂¬  (Lee, 2009, p.182). Because of this behavior of the buyers, Whirlpool understood they have to deliver products as soon as possible to the customers. â€Å"The supply chain needed to be able to get that appliance to [the consumer] within 48 hours,† (MacMilan, 2008). To fulfill this target, Whirlpool started incorporating technology in an accentuated manner in its supply chain. In that direction, Whirlpool also associated with number of suppliers in its supply chain, thereby increasing the bargaining power of the suppliers as well. Although, Whirlpool did not outsource its manufacturing operations, when it came to supply chain operations, it did not stress on conducting it in-house. After making thorough assessments regarding its extensive operations, Whirlpool decided to outsource the maintenance functions. Historically, its supply chain was divided into three parts, with Ryder Logistics handling supply of raw materials to the manufacturing plants and reaching the finishe d goods to its distribution centers, while ERX managed its regional distribution centers. (Bowman, n. d). For all these operations, Whirlpool had to supply its fleet of tractors and trailers, as well as manage it. That is when, Whirlpool overhauled its distribution strategy and decided to â€Å"transform its private fleet into a dedicated operation managed by an outsider†, with Penske Logistics coming into the picture. (Bowman, n. d). Penske Logistics with a wide range of IT

Buncefield Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Buncefield Disaster - Essay Example Disasters are major accidents which take place on a large scale in specific areas. However it is not necessary that the whole areas are affected by these large scale disasters. Such a disaster which would be described in this report would be a mass disaster which took place on the 11th of December 2005. The disaster famously known as the Buncefield disaster took place because of an overfilled storage tank at the Buncefield Oil Depot located close to Hemel Hempstead, Herfordshire UK. The disaster was so huge that it expanded and took over other 20 storage tanks and the fire further spread. The horrible incident resulted in the combustion of that area for several days (Buncefield Major Incident Investigation Board, 2006). The oil depot that was destroyed in that incident was one of the largest distribution terminals employed to store refined oil, petrol, aviation turbine fuel, diesel and other kerosene supplies. The explosion that started in the early morning of 11th December, 2005 resulted in the explosion of the large stocks of these refined products. The explosion was further fortified by petrol, diesel, gas and other products. The intensity of the disaster remained firm for 3-4 days. The last major combustions were stubbed out on Wednesday 14th December. However, the fire was not completely extinguished until 15th December. The explosion was so intense that the blast was heard up to about 200 miles (320 km) away. The devastating blast affected the nearby area including commercial buildings and the industrial area. The working week directed towards a great loss of many workers who were supposed to be residing there. 43 people were harmed; however, luckily no serious injuries or deaths were recorde d. The spectators and crews found this incident much destructive and confirmed that it is possibly the largest incident of this sort in peacetime Europe.

Essay for the Sandpiper Essay Example for Free

Essay for the Sandpiper Essay Tragedy, in multiple views leads to grief, misery and may even cause emotional desensitization. However this solely depends on the cause of such tragedy. A simple tragedy exists as a result of the irony of combining diverse religion and cultures and is especially expressed in the story â€Å"Sandpiper†. Here author Ahdaf Soueif expresses cultural differences through the breaking relationship of a European writer and her Egyptian husband. Acquiescent undermine passivity Being the protagonist, the narrator becomes the view point character in the story and this is where audience criticisms take place. From the beginning she seems to display a sort of weakness and compliance towards events; watching the waves swoop back into the sea; conforming to her lack of work and loss of identity ; â€Å"watching (her husband) vanish†, and watching her daughter â€Å"grow away† from herself. The sand image, as the story opens portrays her compliance-The way she did not wish to obstruct nature`s pattern of â€Å"one grain of sand† because of her movement. Later as Um Sabir (her â€Å"husband`s old nanny†) prevents her from doing any work, her feminine independence also appears to be deplored yet she simply accepts this fact and though seeming solemn, does not take any action. The reader soon becomes critical about such fragility. Notice how the writer mentions -â€Å"watch† her husband vanish. Due to her foreignness, she seemed to slowly fade away from her and her husband`s relationship and displays severe grief. However it appears indeed so absurd for the re ader, because this narrator does not develop any sort of resistance to her dilemma. Furthermore her despondency grows gradually, and it seems that her daughter is being torn away from her the same way as with her husband. She simply pines her heart and the narrator grows a sort of dissent for the protagonist. Sandpiper a coastal bird which cannot fly too high nor too far from the coastal region (due to its habitat and feeding habits) is a perfect name for this story it seems. The way the protagonist’s life appears limited and restricted is definitely the main cause. However the reader may wonder why the narrator does not rebel to this lifestyle. There may be numerous causes. Firstly notice the narrators patience as she sits by the beach observing the water`s â€Å"frilled white edge nibbling at the sand†. As she displays no qualms to her situations (for example being deprived of work as previously mentioned) it seems she still retains hope- of a happy lifestyle. This e xaggerated patience she conforms, may perhaps be one of the reason she does not rebel. Another may be simply her love of and to sustain the happiness of her daughter. These causes all sum to the habitat and ability of a â€Å"Sandpiper†, its only restrictions. Therefore it seems that the protagonist subsists in a self imposed jail, like a sandpiper and indeed does not soar beyond the beach which could momentarily give access to another sort of freedom, mentally, from her own conscience. However if we pay attention to the situation the author rejects such criticisms-instead condemning the readers as absurd. Certainly following different cultures is not the protagonists fault. The consistent confusion and grief of the narrator’s situation is perhaps the cause of her helplessness. This way the author deems the protagonist as universal for humans; which either are NOT exceptions, to displaying similar responses, in such emotionally grim situations and though her image is portrayed as weak it is not held true to how we asses her. In some way the writer creates ambivalent views one portraying the theme of ‘fate’ and the other ‘free will’. A customary feature, to be noticed in this story is the authors unvarying image of the beach. Obviously this picture signifies the present and therefore, perhaps, alludes to the narrators ‘drifting’ thoughts. It also seems, the descriptions of the sand and the sea reflect her emotions. As the story opens, observe the serene albeit somewhat somber, descriptions (of the beach), in the past participle: â€Å"I used to see patterns†¦I did not want †¦. I used to sit†. Definitely the narrator is affectionately looking back at nostalgia, yet with regret. Her emotions drift in melancholy as a compliant stream of conscience guides her and suddenly we imagine a somber weak character, in passivity to not stir a single â€Å"grain of sand† from its ‘natural’ pattern. This is where the readers display an interest to this character`s matters. Slowly her emotions begin to frill as the descriptions become gradually violent –â€Å"the sea unceasingly shifts†¦surges forward with a low growl†¦ like thousand snakes† .By now the reader is absorbed into the persona`s feelings. The usage of the personal pronoun â€Å"I† becomes highly universal to the reader and definitely induces sympathy. Finally, as she â€Å"revert(s) to (the) dry grains that would easily brush away† the emotions are returned to the previous serenity however now there seems to be a hint of pain, a hint of helplessness. This way the writer skillfully attains the reader`s attention to the story, and somewhat forth shadows incidents in the story, pertaining to the emotions. Hereby the atmosphere seems so somber, so calm; slowly the reader drifts in with the thoughts of the writer. What the reader may also take notice, with hindsight, is that perhaps Soueif uses this initial beach image as an extended metaphor for the life of the narrator; as in the beginning her life was filled with bliss (in love with her husband), which suddenly changed to desperation and somewhat anger (as he slowly â€Å"slip away† from her) and finally grief (of the freedom she lost). Proactive pragmatic The next imagery of the beach occurs after she mentions the second summer at the â€Å"beach house west of Alexandria†. Here the narrator utilizes the sand and the sea as symbols for her husband and herself, the way these two entities seemed to â€Å"meet and flirt and touch† and establishes the theme of love . However, reading between the lines, perhaps the writer forth shadows a sort of obscurity in the relationship. Notice how the sand and the sea simply â€Å"meet† metaphorically indicating love; although away from this â€Å"edge† such love does not seem to prevail as the sea and the sand form a tight boundary. Also the sea consistently â€Å"drifts† and the sand itself shifts, especially with the pressure of the waves: perhaps the author accentuates fluid emotions which flow and â€Å"shift† with due time and therefore depicts this couple to slowly â€Å"drift† apart from each other. This way another theme, of relativity of time and emotion is established here. The ending of the story also prevails with this beach image. It seems the narrator is back to the present and this picture plays the greatest significance as she sees â€Å"different things from those 6 years ago†. Now she appears calmer yet more melancholic. The reader can effective ly perceive such emotion; especially in the lines â€Å"the last of the foam is swallowed bubbling into the sand† and â€Å"with each ebb of green water the sand looses part of itself to the sea†. This definitely feels somber; as if love is being persistently broken down by the force of nature. Realistically, it seems such force subsists as cultural pressure. Where the couple belonging to 2 different cultures altogether formed such a relationship, the narrators â€Å"foreignness†¦began to irritate him (her husband)†. Cultural pressure and foreign tensions arise as a conflict due to the ignorance of each other`s culture and perhaps a development in this slowly weakened their relationships. Not only does the husband feel irate yet this deplored the protagonist`s freedom- â€Å"I tried at first at least to help, but she would†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ease the duster or the vacuum cleaner from my hand†. Coming back to the coastal descriptions, note how the author mentions â€Å"the†¦foam is swallowed bubbling into the sand† and how these two bodies meet but never ‘mix’. Probably the author, here portrays the theme of immiscibility. As sea and sand are immiscible it appears the foreignness and its resultant family tensions never intended a strong relationship; the love of both the narrator and her husband was immiscible, which would interact, yet as easily drift away. Perhaps this way the author undermines the system of religion. Indeed such a trivial matter, as exemplified is the commencement of weak relations and eventually such tragedies; for certainly, every being strays ethnocentric and this simple arrogance leads to major conflicts. This is later supported as the narrator finally questions-â€Å"But what do the waves know of the massed, hot, still sands of the desert? And what does the beach know of the depths, the cold currents†¦where the water turns a deeper blue.† .Duplicity is heavily prevalent due to ignorance of other religion, and like the sand and the sea it extends massively. What the writer Ahdaf Soueif is attempting to accentuate is that this concept of worldly cultures actually constructs a sort of mistrust amongst others and its great irony is exhibited in the form of this story Another image which we can relate to this theme is the difficulty, even dislike the wife shows towards adapting to a different culture. During the second summer at the beach house the narrator mentions her nostalgia of her hometown (Europe as Georgian sq uare is mentioned) and â€Å"misses† her time spent there. The moment this is mentioned suspicion rises in the readers mind; of her happiness following the new culture. She does display a sort of irritation as she is not allowed to work at home. Finally (later) she appears to complain- â€Å"my foreignness†¦my inability to remember namestruggles with his (her husband’s) language†, etc. Definitely the author is attempting to depict another cultural pressure here; despite the passage of time, evidently she depicts, that the wife has problems shifting to the new culture. Ironically, though, this foreignness actually appealed her husband yet now repelled him. LorDhRUv

Position Paper On Heroes -- Argumentative Persuasive Hero

Position Paper on Heroes On September 11th 2001, New York City, Washington D.C., and Somerset County, Pennsylvania all came face to face with an unthinkable tragedy. When the emergency response teams were sent out to the sites, they had no idea what they were going to experience. They helped others to safety and then turned right back around to help someone else. These are America’s real heroes. As The United States changes because of these tragic events, the focus of our heroes should be placed on everyday people and not sports and movie stars.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"A hero should be someone who unselfishly does something for someone else, regardless of danger.† Marylyn Schwartz wrote this in the Houston Chronicle on Monday, October 8, 2001. Do sports stars face much danger to make a touchdown, goal, homerun, etc.? Not really. They may face the danger of breaking bones or getting some pretty nasty bruises, but that’s about it. All too often these are the people that children look to as a heroic figure. Little boys think Mark McGwire, Sammy Sosa, and Barry Bonds are some of the greatest people ever born. Granted that they all performed an amazing feat, but that makes them no more qualified to obtain the status of heroic. Little girls are looking to Britney Spears, Jennifer Lopez, and Christina Alguilera as role models and sources of encouragement. They should be looking at the women who put their life on the line as police officers and peacekeepers. A local hero died early Saturday ...

Gone with the wind analysis

The Great Depression was one of the most desperate times during U. S history. The unemployment rate increased from 3. 2% in 1929 to 24. 9% in 1932. The sudden crash of the market in 1929 increased the suicide rate from 12. 1 per 100,000 people to 18. 1 per 100,000 people. Especially during the asses, people seemed to want to find some mental comforts, so cinemas became the most popular place. Average weekly movie attendance increased from 57 million in 1927 to 80 million in 1931 (â€Å"Great Depression Statistics†).Gone with the Wind, the movie which stood as one of the most classic movie of all time, was produced during this period. Though the story Gone with the wind was set in the asses, the movie spoke directly to Americans in asses when it was released. The movie Gone with the Wind succeeded for three reasons: the strength Scarlet O'Hara had was needed for women during the Great Depression, the movie showed people the race relations between African Americans and white peo ple, and the movie provided hope for the people during the asses. This historic vie was greatly influenced by the asses.Following World War I and entering the Great Depression, women needed the strong characteristics of Scarlet O'Hara. During the Depression, men were losing their Jobs; therefore, women needed to work to support their family. Just as Eleanor Roosevelt said: â€Å"The women know that life must go on and that the needs of life must be met and it is their courage and determination which, time and again, have pulled us through worse crises than the present one† (Ware). During the mid-depression, the middle class family income was very low.Women has to be really economical; for example, â€Å"they had buy day-old bread or warm dishes in the oven to save gas† (Ware). Because of this kind of tough and unstable living, women had no choice; they had to forget their safe, comfortable housewives' lives, and become tools for supporting families (Ware). Gone with th e Wind is also about how Scarlet O'Hara loses everything and has no other way to survive but to become strong. The end of part one of the movie shows this, when she holds the soil and swears that she will be strong and never be hungry again.Another season for why people were attracted by this movie is the cursive love Journey Scarlet experienced. A lot of women who lived in the period of the Great Depression had lost their husbands during World War One; in the beginning of the movie, Scarlet is also waiting for Ashley Wilkes, whom she loves, to come back from the war. Every time she reads through the list of the dead, it is clear how worried she is. This feeling was what a lot of women during that time experienced, so they felt sympathy for Scarlet O'Hara.During the asses, white people's opinion toward African Americans was ambivalent. They still had the mindset from slavery times, when they could order the African Americans to do anything, and didn't want to accept the truth that b lack people were equal to them now. In Gone with the Wind, there is a scene in which Scarlet is almost raped by a black; her husband, Frank and Ashley act like ASK (UK Klux Klan) to murder that African American. In the movie, white people feel threatened by blacks.During the time of the Great Depression, Roosevelt â€Å"New Deal† created a program called the Work Progress Administration (WAP). This program helped solve the high employment rate. Under this program, there were some small parts like the Federal Writers' Project and Federal Art Project. These projects provided some talented African American artist Jobs, and some great African American artist emerged (â€Å"The Great Depression: African-American†) Art was an important part for the people who lived in the Depression, therefore, white people might view African Americans differently.However, at the same time, they felt threatened, too, because some African Americans were taking their Job opportunities. Also, t he movie created the feeling that black people needed white people's wisdom to survive, because â€Å"they often seemed more like pets than people† (Left 7). We can see this from how happy Big Sam is when he and Scarlet reunite; he thinks that he will be safe and will not be hungry again when he finds his former owner. Neither Big Sam nor a strong character like Mamma could take care of Tara without her white master during the war, either (Left.During the Depression, most African Americans lived in rural areas were still working in the farms of the white people. Even African Americans who lived in cities â€Å"worked as domestic servants for white folks† (â€Å"The Great Depression: African-American†). These connections seemed to indicate to white people during the Depression that African Americans were still dependent on them. Therefore, white people's attitude toward African Americans was ambivalent.Another important reason for the success of Gone with the Win d was that people who lived in the Depression wanted to recall the memory of the glory before the Civil War, they could see themselves in the movie, and they needed strength to move on. â€Å"Escapism† s the most discussed term when it comes to the Great Depression. â€Å"During the Depression, when the spirit of the people is lower than at any other time, it is a splendid thing that for Just 15 cents an American can go to a movie and look at the smiling face of a baby and forget his troubles† (Cravens 216).Movies and music were popular because people wanted to escape from the cruel reality, even Just for few hours. The beginning of Gone with the Wind was a perfect time for them to go back to the good old life when everything was more organized and peaceful. However, they old also see the decline of themselves in the movie, Just like Ashley, the old noble landowner. The War suddenly takes everything that Ashley had away. Because of this, Ashley becomes passive, and he loses all hope.The same thing happened to people during the Depression: â€Å"Their world having been turned upside down, they saw a parallel between their plight and the story of the disappearance of the antebellum south† (Will). However, at the same time, they also wanted strength, power and hope for the future, Just like Scarlet's attitude toward life. The most classic scene in the vie is when Reheat Butler leaves Scarlet, though in great sorrow, she said: â€Å"after all, tomorrow is another day' (Gone with the Wind) Thousands of Americans might be inspired by this sentence.Obviously, the experience of the Depression couldn't have been worse than what Scarlet had. In her life, the war forced her to change from a noble girl into a strong woman who needed to plant the food herself; she lost all her dignity as a business woman for trading with the Yankees; she married three times but all failed; she finally realized the man she loved for many years was a coward; ere husband left her Just as she realized that she actually loved him. All these miserable things happen to her, but she never loses hope.This strength was what people needed during the Depression. Although they wanted to escape from reality, there was no way but to face it. The spirit of Scarlet inspired them to be hopeful, to accept the life, and fight with it. Echoing Scarlet Aurora's words, â€Å"tomorrow is another day,† (Gone with the Wind) American citizens gained strength from Gone with the Wind. Clearly, this movie reflected the period of asses, including the race relations between white people and African Americans. The movie also provided people during the asses much needed hope.

Katie And Joe Play

Is she the reason your grades are so low? Katie: NO it isn't about her. [Joey's phone beeps. ] Joe: Did you go to Dry. Phil yesterday by any chance? [Joe walks over to the other side of the room picks up a charger and walks towards the small round table where there was an outlet and plugs in the charger and puts his phone on the table. ] Katie: Yeah.. ; [Pause] Joe: What did you guys talk about? Katie: Doesn't matter. [Joe frowns] Joe: You know you can tell me anything, right? Katie: That's Beethoven me and Dry. Phil. [Long pause] We just talked about mom, again.Joe: Oh, I see. [Joe walks over and sits beside Katie] Katie: Mom is coming back, right? Joe: Sweetie, Janice†¦ I mean your mother, she's gone†¦ She's not coming back. [Katie starts tearing] Joe: Katie [Long Pause] are you- Katie: I'm fine! [Joe walks to the stand across the room that held napkins and walks back with the napkin at hand] Joe: Oh my god, Kate! [Katie is sobbing and takes the cushion from the sofa and buries her face in it. Joe runs to the sofa and sits down] Joe: It's going to be okay, you don't have to cry anymore. Katie cries harder.Joe lets Katie cry for a while and let it all out] Joe: It's going to be alright sweetie. Here wipe your face with this. [Joe held his hand out with the napkin still at his hand] Katie: Just leave me alone! [Katie pushes his hand out the way, the napkin flies across the room] Joe: Katie! [Katie gets up, the cushion falls. Katie tries to run out the room, Katie trips over the cushion and tries to get up, Joe tries to help. ] Katie: I said, leave me alone! [Small pause] I said I'm fine. [Joe stands back and watches Katie limp UT the room.Joe walks over to the other side of the room where his cellophane lied on the table. Joe takes out the plug and picks his phone up and dials a number. The phone rings, no one picks up. Joe walks to the bookshelf still holding onto his phone and picks up a photo album and sits down on the sofa. Joe flips through pages , slowly feeling depressed. Joe receives a phone call, he picks it up. ] Joe: Hello. Mike: Hey, you called earlier? Joe: Yeah, you busy? Mike: No why? Joe: Can you come over? Really need to talk to you.

Free Essays on Auditing

The topic I will be discussing tonight is management’s assertions about the financial statements representing their company. According to the textbook these assertions can be divided into to five broad categories. These categories are existence or occurrence, completeness, rights and obligations, valuation or allocation, and presentation and disclosure. An auditor’s develops objectives, which vary from one engagement to another, depending on the entity’s business and the accounting practices distinctive to its industry. In the existence or occurrence assertion, management asserts that all recorded assets, liabilities, and equities disclosed in the financial statements actually existed at the balance sheet date. Management also asserts that all recorded transactions occurred during the period ending on the balance sheet date. The auditor’s objective is to test whether the assertions made by management are appropriate. For example, when auditing inventory an auditor’s objective is to determine if the inventory existed at the balance sheet date, if the recorded inventory purchases in fact occurred, and if sales transactions in the income statement represent the exchange of goods or services for cash or other consideration. This can be tested by observing the client’s physical count of inventory, confirming the off-premises inventory with public warehouses, and by using inventory cutoff tests to be sure purchases and sales are recorded in the correct accounting period. In the completeness assertion, management asserts that all transactions occurred during the period were recorded. This assertion is the most challenging for the auditor because he or she must discover any transactions that were not recorded but should have been and vise versa. For example, when auditing inventory the auditor will use the same tests used in the existence assertion. The auditor will observe physical inventory, confirm off-premises invento... Free Essays on Auditing Free Essays on Auditing The topic I will be discussing tonight is management’s assertions about the financial statements representing their company. According to the textbook these assertions can be divided into to five broad categories. These categories are existence or occurrence, completeness, rights and obligations, valuation or allocation, and presentation and disclosure. An auditor’s develops objectives, which vary from one engagement to another, depending on the entity’s business and the accounting practices distinctive to its industry. In the existence or occurrence assertion, management asserts that all recorded assets, liabilities, and equities disclosed in the financial statements actually existed at the balance sheet date. Management also asserts that all recorded transactions occurred during the period ending on the balance sheet date. The auditor’s objective is to test whether the assertions made by management are appropriate. For example, when auditing inventory an auditor’s objective is to determine if the inventory existed at the balance sheet date, if the recorded inventory purchases in fact occurred, and if sales transactions in the income statement represent the exchange of goods or services for cash or other consideration. This can be tested by observing the client’s physical count of inventory, confirming the off-premises inventory with public warehouses, and by using inventory cutoff tests to be sure purchases and sales are recorded in the correct accounting period. In the completeness assertion, management asserts that all transactions occurred during the period were recorded. This assertion is the most challenging for the auditor because he or she must discover any transactions that were not recorded but should have been and vise versa. For example, when auditing inventory the auditor will use the same tests used in the existence assertion. The auditor will observe physical inventory, confirm off-premises invento... Free Essays on Auditing In order to fully comprehend what is meant by internal control we must look at the definition as stated in the COSO report. It is defined as, â€Å"a process, effected by an entity’s board of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following three categories: reliability of financial reporting; effectiveness and efficiency of operations; compliance with applicable laws and regulations.† An important aspect of internal control to keep in mind is it’s reliance on people. No matter how much control a company implements, there will always be humans involved at some step of the way and therefore a chance for error and/or fraud. It is important to remember that these controls can only provide reasonable assurance, not absolute assurance, regarding the achievements of a company’s objectives. Internal control consists of control activities. These activities include: performance reviews, segregation of duties, physical controls, and information processing controls. It is the responsibility of management to implement these activities effectively, and also to review the results so improvements or adjustments can be made. The auditor’s responsibility is to assess the level of risk connected to each control. After assessing the risks involved, tests must be performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the control in question. Some tests are more costly to run than the benefits that will be received. It is the job of the auditors to weigh the costs and benefits of performing each test and then determine which ones are to be carried out, and which will be scrapped. The controls discussed so far focus on management’s internal control over its employees. But in a retail store, employees are not the only ones with access to product, and therefore are not the only ones capable of influencing the financial statements. Management in the reta...

Molybdenum Chemical & Physical Properties

Molybdenum Chemical & Physical Properties Atomic Number: 42 Symbol: Mo Atomic Weight: 95.94 Discovery: Carl Wilhelm Scheele 1778 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d5 Element Classification: Transition Metal Word Origin: Greek molybdos, Latin molybdoena, German Molybdenum: lead Properties Molybdenum does not occur free in nature; it is usually found in molybdenite ore, MoS2, and wulfenite ore, PbMoO4. Molybdenum is also recovered as a by-product of copper and tungsten mining. It is a silvery-white metal of the chromium group. It is very hard and tough, but it is softer and more ductile than tungsten. It has a high elastic modulus. Of the readily-available metals, only tungsten and tantalum have higher melting points. Uses Molybdenum is an important alloying agent which contributes to the hardenability and toughness of quenched and tempered steels. It also improves the strength of steel at high temperatures. It is used in certain heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloys. Ferro-molybdenum is used to add hardness and toughness to gun barrels, boilers plates, tools, and armor plate. Almost all ultra-high strength steels contain 0.25% to 8% molybdenum. Molybdenum is used in nuclear energy applications and for missile and aircraft parts. Molybdenum oxidizes at elevated temperatures. Some molybdenum compounds are used to color pottery and fabrics. Molybdenum is used to make filament supports in incandescent lamps and as filaments in other electrical devices. The metal has found application as electrodes for electrically-heated glass furnaces. Molybdenum is valuable as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum. The metal is an essential trace element in plant nutrition. Molybdenum sulfide is u sed as a lubricant, particularly at high temperatures where oils would decompose. Molybdenum forms salts with valencies of 3, 4, or 6, but the hexavalent salts are the most stable. Molybdenum Physical Data Density (g/cc): 10.22 Melting Point (K): 2890 Boiling Point (K): 4885 Appearance: silvery white, hard metal Atomic Radius (pm): 139 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 9.4 Covalent Radius (pm): 130 Ionic Radius: 62 (6e) 70 (4e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.251 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 28 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): ~590 Debye Temperature (K): 380.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 2.16 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 684.8 Oxidation States: 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 0 Lattice Structure: Body-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.150 Sources CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics, 18th Ed.Crescent Chemical Company, 2001.Langes Handbook of Chemistry, 1952.Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2001.