Crusades and Pope Urban Essay Example for Free

Crusades and Pope Urban Essay The Christian Crusades occurred around the 11th and the 12th century are very many and complex. The Christian Crusades has built a tense relationship between the Christians and Islamic. This essay will explain the causes and effects of the Medieval Crusades. The importance of the holy lands as stated in the Islamic bible, Koran, and the Christian bible is the most significant cause of the Christian Crusades. Religious rivalry between the 2 religions was caused by the fact that both of these religions believed in 2 different gods. The Islam’s thought that there god was the true god whilst the Christians believed that there god was the one and true god. The fact that the Islam’s believed there god was the one and true, brought anger to the Pilgrims who were on a quest to take back the Holy lands which were Bethlehem, Nazareth and Jerusalem, which were controlled currently by the Muslims since 638AD. But as more and more pilgrims came to visit the Holy lands, Seljuk Turks, Saracens, took over the lands and denied more Pilgrimages to the Holy Lands. This brought great anger to Pope Urban II. Pope Urban II was responsible for the very first Christian Crusade. He started this by giving an extremely influential speech to all Christians in Europe and Medieval time saying that the Saracens were turning Christian Churches into Mosques which were Muslim churches. Pope Urban II then told all Christian men and European Christian Princes to go on a crusade to take back the Holy lands. The Pope also stated to these Christian men that by fighting in this holy war they would reach heaven. So the Christian Crusaders set their target on regaining one of the Holy lands which was Jerusalem. The result of the first crusade was not too good for the Muslims as 70,000 Muslims had died trying to flee from the city or fight to protect their city. A reason that explains the cause of the Christian Crusades, are the Christian men, the Knight class and Princes. Prior explains how Pope Urban II speech influences the Christian men, Knight classes and Princes of Europe to go on a crusade against their rivalry religion and to gain back the Holy Lands. Pope Urban II says to all these men that go on to their crusade, that if they do not fight back against the Saracens, god will not clear there sin. This was another reason for the Christian Crusade. Pope Urban II â€Å"blackmailing† these men to go to the Holy lands was a reason for why the Christian Crusades began in the first place. The Knight class were all men that wanted to fight. Since the age of seven, pagers, who were the first stage into becoming a knight, were taught special skills to fight. Every Crusader that was going on to gain back the lands had a sign on their tunics when they went to fight. This sign resembled St Johns Cross. The medieval Crusades have brought a strong intensity in these to religions that are still quite tense nowadays. Pope Urban II speech had urged men to go on this holy crusade and both the Koran and bible having two of the same holy places caused tension between these two religions. This essay has given the causes and effects of the holy crusades.

A Critical Interpretation of Hans Kung?s Historical Analysis of the Dev

A Critical Interpretation of Hans Kung’s Historical Analysis of the Development of the Hierarchical Church   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The beginnings of the Christian church are shrouded in mystery. With the lack of evidence about that time in history, it is hard to draw conclusions of any type. However, the historical analyst, Hans Kung, has written a book to shed some light on the subject. In this book, Kung discusses his opinion on the development of the early church, and its hierarchical structure. In the following paper, I will address two of the chapters of Kung’s book, â€Å"The Beginnings of the Early Church† and â€Å"The Early Catholic Church†. The points that I will focus on are: The makeup and persecution of the early church community and why it was that way, and how, according to Kung, the founders of Catholicism went against how Jesus wanted the church to be governed by establishing a hierarchy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Christian church, according to Kung, began at Pentecost. When the Holy Spirit came to the apostles and told them to go out and preach the teachings of Jesus it meant that the apostles could claim an identity separate from Judaism. The majority of the first Christians were Jews from Jerusalem that believed that Jesus was the Messiah promised to the Jews in the Hebrew Testament and they believed in the resurrection. â€Å"The earliest Christian community did not want in any way to part company with the Jewish community or nation, but to remain integrated into Judaism.†(P. 13). The differences in the beliefs of the Jews and the Jewish-Christians naturally created a separation in the two groups. When the Christian disciples started going out and preaching their faith to people, the Roman Empire saw them as a threat to their power and decided that Christianity would have to be stopped. Because Christianity and Judaism were one, the two most effective ways to persecute the Christians was to execute their leaders, and to destroy the Jewish places of worship. After the Romans burned the Temple of Jerusalem for the second time, a council of Pharisees decided that the Christians were to be excommunicated from the Jewish temple.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If not for the early connection to the Jewish faith, the Christian religion would never have established as a major religion. The idea of having one God, called monotheism, was too radi... ... what they thought, there would be no extravagance in the lives of the church officials. Likewise, if the church truly believed in what Jesus taught, they would not be shunning the participation of women in the church; rather, they would be embracing all the people that truly wished to participate in the vocation of a priest or any position in the church for that matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, the early Christian church had its problems in who was accepted into the new faith and why they were persecuted for it. This was because, during the height of the Roman Empire, any group of people that could be dangerous to Roman ideology would not be tolerated, and the Romans would attempt to put a stop to it. These persecutions of the Christians, however, strengthened, not weakened the Christian church to a point that there would be no way to disperse the community of believers. The main reason that the church stayed together like it did was because of the early establishment of a hierarchy, which, while Kung speculates, would not be the way that Jesus would have wanted the church to be governed, worked in establishing the Christian community into a world religion.

Science-Based Technology

Through the years, technology has made significant advancements and contributions to the world, and one of which is biotechnology. Biotechnology is the utilization of the living systems and organisms to develop various products intended for the improvement of human life (Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2018). It is a science-based technology wherein modification in genetics is being made particularly in DNA which carries genetic information that provides code in the making of protein and every cell of the body. Because of this discovery, amelioration of food quality, quantity, and processing were made, resulting to the flourishment of the agricultural economy. This is referred as green biotechnology wherein the agricultural sector was able to develop nutritional qualities, taste, and appearance of the food from crop yields and plants without the risk of diseases, insects, and adverse conditions (Chawla, 2000). This innovation would aid the world to feed the growing population, at the same time, it provides the essential nutrients needed by the body. Moreover, this has also contributed to the prosperity of the agricultural sector because of the design of transgenic plants to be able to grow under adverse environmental conditions. However, the introduction of this genetic alteration may also lead to negative impacts such as imbalance to the ecosystem that may eventually lead to the decrease of biodiversity (Suico, 2018) Furthermore, it has also provided essential contribution in the industrial sector. It has led to the development of a pollution prevention, resource conservation, and cost reduction way of manufacturing products (Maraganore, 2018). Enzymatic systems of living organisms are being utilized for the sake of producing industrial goods that would substitute detrimental and polluting technologies. One example is the usage of enzymes in detergents so as to replace harmful chemicals. In this way, this could help the people to preserve the environment for the use of the next generation. Most importantly, biotechnology has made exceptional and important implications in health and medicine. This particular contribution of biotechnology is probably the most crucial innovation because it has administered various ways to the maintenance, improvement, and prolongation of life. The discovery of red or healthcare biotechnology has enable the development of vaccines, antibiotics, and new drugs (Ortegas-Navas, 2015). Altered genetic microorganisms were utilized in order to produce pharmaceutical products that are less costly but effective. Moreover, biotechnology has made vital breakthroughs in medical therapies. Treatment to different diseases were made possible.Infectious and parasitic diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and AIDS continuously increase each year. Though the use of diagnostic tools, the development of these diseases may be easily detected. However, there are several conventional diagnostic tools are inaccurate that fail to overcome the detection of the diseases. But with Nanotechnology, an advancement biotechnological technique, detection of these diseases were made more presise and easily detected. Additionally, this innovation has allowed the study of complex genetic disorders for it can identify and quantify thousands of genes (Afzal et al., 2016). Indeed, the discovery of biotechnology has greatly contributed to the welfare of the people both positively and negatively. However, it is important to keep in mind that people shouldn't solely be dependent to technology. Also, this must always be utilized for the intention of the betterment of every individual without jeopardizing the environment. RetrievedAfzal, H. (2016). Role of biotechnology in improving human health. Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/role-of-biotechnology-in-improving-human-health-2155-9929-1000309.php?aid=82443Chawla, V. (2000). Biotechnology unraveled: human welfare, better health and beyond. Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2010/12/biotechnology-human-welfare-fight-diseases/Maraganore, J. (2018). What is industrial biotechnology? Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https://www.bio.org/articles/what-industrial-biotechnologyNorwegian University of Science and Technology (2018). What is biotechnology? Retrieved October 13, 2018 from https://www.ntnu.edu/ibt/about-usOrtegas-Navas, M. (2015). Biotechnology in health education: healthy lifestyles.October 13, 2018 from http://behaviouralscience.imedpub.com/behavioural-science-psycology/biotechnology-in-health-education-healthy-lifestyles.php?aid=8584Suico, J. (2018). The disadvantages of biotechnol ogy. Retrieved October 13, 2018 fromhttps://sciencing.com/disadvantages-biotechnology-8590679.html

Charter School Essay - 1130 Words

I represent the Department of Education, and decided to write this memo for you to better acquaint yourself with our program. Our departments mission is to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. (â€Å"Missions,†2011) Betsy DeVos is currently our Secretary of Education, and not a popular choice. Mrs. DeVos focuses on her support of charter schools, which are publicly funded and set up by teachers, parents, or community groups, outside the state school system. Charter schools are for-profit and there is overwhelming evidence that charter schools are no more successful than traditional counterparts. Mrs. DeVos also campaigned unsuccessfully in†¦show more content†¦Education should be the same for every student so they have the same opportunities. A poor child should receive the same education and opportunities as a wealthy child, and public education should offer that. Becaus e we have not allotted a lot of funding to schools in recent years, and it shows. Teachers have been known to have to use their personal funds to purchase school supplies. We need an educated America to have a better future. The Department of Education must continue. Education is something that everyone should be entitled to, no matter who they are or where they are from. Education has been shown to reduce poverty, religious crutches, and helps people to form their own educated ideas and opinions. Nelson Mandela once said, â€Å"Education in the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.† This is a very powerful statement, and is very true. When some are educated, and others are not, this can help to create a world of servitude. Ignorance is not always bliss, knowledge is powerful. Poverty is a big issue that still gets in the way of students learning. Students who are poor have less resources than their wealthier counterparts. These students are disadvantage d at home from lack of resources such as no internet, up to date books, and parents that may not be as educated. Poorer students also tend to live in poorer communities and the schools do not have the same resources as wealthier school districts because of low funding.Show MoreRelatedCharter Schools Essay1610 Words   |  7 PagesCharter Schools: The Future of Education? For decades the American education system provided parents with three choices: public, homeschool or private school. If they chose public then their child(ren) would be assigned to a school past on where they lived. However , â€Å"in the early 1990s a handful of states created independent public charter schools, providing opportunities for teachers and others to develop innovative schooling options â€Å" (Palmer, Louann 2007). Not only did the creation ofRead MoreEssay on Charter Schools987 Words   |  4 Pagesdebate on school reform in the United States. 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Charter schools impact education by having passionate teachers who truly care for their students’ well-being, use up-to-date school methodology, are able to function with less bureaucracy, and have accountability that results in less corruption, and increased cost efficiency. Watching the documentary called Waiting for Superman has been an eye opener. It showed everything that is wrong in America’s education system. In Roosevelt High School located in Boyle HeightsRead MoreAn Inside Look at Charter Schools Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesCharter Schools Charter schools have recently become a topic of debate among educators. Charter schools are schools working in the public sector of education while also being privately owned. Charter schools are privately run, but receive public funding. There has been much debate since the sprouting of Charter schools about the demographics being represented and underrepresented. 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